What rock quarries should be used and how much should they produce to meet a certain
quality of limestone (calcium and magnesium content) and minimize cost? There are 4 quarries with
different qualities, capacity and cost to operate. A different output and quality is required each year.
Due to environmental restrictions, only 3 quarries are allowed to be open each year.
Information on rock quarries
	Calcium contents (relative to required quality)	Magnesium contents (relative to required quality)	Maximum production per year (tons)	Cost to keep quarry open per year ($Million)
Quarry 1	1	2.3	2000	3.5
Quarry 2	0.7	1.6	2500	4
Quarry 3	1.5	1.2	1300	4
Quarry 4	0.7	4.1	3000	2
Quarries to be used (1=yes, 0=no)
	Year 1	Year 2	Year 3	Year 4	Year 5
Quarry 1	0	0	0	0	0
Quarry 2	0	0	0	0	0
Quarry 3	0	0	0	0	0
Quarry 4	0	0	0	0	0
Total	0	0	0	0	0
Amounts to produce (tons).
	Year 1	Year 2	Year 3	Year 4	Year 5
Quarry 1	0	0	0	0	0
Quarry 2	0	0	0	0	0
Quarry 3	0	0	0	0	0
Quarry 4	0	0	0	0	0
Total	0	0	0	0	0
Required	4500	3100	3500	3700	4000
Amounts that can be produced (tons)
	Year 1	Year 2	Year 3	Year 4	Year 5
Quarry 1	0	0	0	0	0
Quarry 2	0	0	0	0	0
Quarry 3	0	0	0	0	0
Quarry 4	0	0	0	0	0
Calcium restrictions
	Year 1	Year 2	Year 3	Year 4	Year 5
Total Amount of Calcium	0	0	0	0	0
Total Amount Required	0	0	0	0	0
Calcium Required per Ton (Minimum)	0.9	1.2	1	1.1	0.8
Magnesium restrictions
	Year 1	Year 2	Year 3	Year 4	Year 5
Total Amount of Magnesium	0	0	0	0	0
Total Amount Required	0	0	0	0	0
Magnesium Required per Ton (Minimum)	1.9	1.7	2.8	1.9	2.1
Cost	Year 1	Year 2	Year 3	Year 4	Year 5	Total
	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00
Problem
A company owns four rock quarries from which it can extract limestone with different qualities. Two
qualities are important, the relative amount of calcium and magnesium in the stone. The company
must produce a certain total amount of limestone, with certain qualities, each year. There is a large
fixed cost to keep a quarry operating for extraction purposes each year. Which quarries should be
used each year, and how much limestone should each one produce each year?
Solution
The solution is very similar in structure to the one found in worksheet Blend1.
1) The variables are 0-1 or binary integer variables which determine whether each quarry is open,
and amounts of limestone to be extracted from each quarry. These variables occur in each year.
In worksheet Blend2, these variables the names Quarry_decisions and Amounts_produced.
2) First, there are the logical constraints. These are
	Amounts_produced >= 0 via the Assume Non-Negative option
	Quarry_decisions = binary
Second, there are contraints on the total production and the amount that can be produced at each
quarry. These constraints are:
	Total_produced >= Total_required
	Amounts_produced <= Maximum_Production
The right hand side of the second constraint depends on the binary integer variables.
Third, there are constraints on the quality (calcium and magnesium content) of the limestone:
	Calcium_production >= Calcium_requirement
	Magnesium_production >= Magnesium_requirement
Both the left-hand and right-hand sides of these constraints depend on the Amounts_produced
decision variables.
Fourth, there is a constraint that limits the number of quarries that can be open each year:
	Number_of_open_quarries <= 3
3) The objective is to minimize the cost of operating the quarries. This is defined on the worksheet as
Total_cost.
Remarks
See the comments on worksheet Blend1 about the characteristics of blending problems, which also
apply here.